Sunshine State Standards -- Grade Level Expectations for Science Grade 8

The Nature of Matter

Determines the physical properties of matter that can be observed without altering the substance (for example, mass, volume, boiling point, density).
• What's the Matter?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/1a.asp
  
• Describing Matter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/1b.asp
  

Knows the difference between transparent, translucent, and opaque objects.

Understands that weight will vary with the location of the mass in the universe, but the mass will remain constant.

• Mass and Weight
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4e.asp
  
• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9d.asp
  

Knows that the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules of different objects varies with their temperature.
• State and Phase Changes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9.asp
  
• Melting Points of Solids
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9a.asp
  
• Boiling Points of Liquids
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9c.asp
  
• Vaporization of Liquids
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9d.asp
  
• The Water Cycle
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3.asp
  

Understands that changes in energy cause phase changes.
• State and Phase Changes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9.asp
  

Knows how to use clues (for example, change in color or form) to determine whether a change is chemical or physical.
• Describing Matter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/1b.asp
  

Determines the relationship between mass and volume of an assortment of common substances.

Knows that matter is mostly neutral, but that particles can attain a charge by the gain or loss of electrons.

• Atoms and Their Structure
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/1e.asp
  

Understands the relationship between the energy of a wave and its frequency (the greater the frequency of the wave, the greater the energy of the wave).

Understands the relationship of energy and wavelength to the electromagnetic spectrum.

• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  

Knows that there is an energy difference between an electron near the nucleus and one further away.
• Electron Basics
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/2c.asp
  
• More Electron Basics
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/2d.asp
  

Knows that when electrons are transferred from one substance to another, the general properties of both substances change.
• Describing Matter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/1b.asp
  
• Chemical Equations and Reactions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/7.asp
  
• Reaction Types AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/8.asp
  

Extends and refines knowledge of uses of forms of energy to improve the quality of life.

Energy

Understands that energy can be transferred by radiation, conduction, and convection.
• Here Comes the Sun
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1c.asp
  
• Troposphere: All Mixed Up
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6b.asp
  
• Temperature
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/8b.asp
  
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  
• Earth's Structure
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/1.asp
  
• Earth's History: Pangaea to the Present
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/2b.asp
  
• Plate Boundaries
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/2c.asp
  

Knows examples of natural and man-made systems in which energy is transferred from one form to another.
• Here Comes the Sun
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1c.asp
  
• The Water Cycle
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3.asp
  
• Evaporation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3a.asp
  
• Condensation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3b.asp
  
• Oceanography
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4.asp
  
• Surf's Up! All About Waves
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4b.asp
  
• Stratosphere: The Ozone Zone
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6c.asp
  
• Thermosphere: Lonely at the Top
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6e.asp
  
• Temperature
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/8b.asp
  
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  

Understands how the principle of conservation of energy is applied during an energy transfer.
• Work, Energy, and Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7.asp
  
• Working Hard?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7a.asp
  
• What is Energy?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7b.asp
  
• Conservative and Nonconservative Forces
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7c.asp
  
• Calculating Kinetic and Potential Energy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7d.asp
  
• Conservation of Energy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7e.asp
  
• Work-Energy Theorem
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7f.asp
  

Knows ways to measure the various forms of energy that come from the Sun.
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  

Knows that energy conversions are never 100% efficient and that some energy is transformed to heat and is unavailable for further useful work (for example, a food pyramid reflects the energy that is used and lost in each part of a food chain).
• Ecosystems = Organized Energy Exchange
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/2a.asp
  

Knows that a transfer of thermal energy occurs in chemical reactions.
• Bond Energy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/4b.asp
  
• Chemical Equations and Reactions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/7.asp
  

Knows the processes by which thermal energy tends to flow from a system of higher temperature to a system of lower temperature.

Knows that the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that make up an object changes when the temperature of the object changes.

• State and Phase Changes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9.asp
  
• The Water Cycle
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3.asp
  

Understands that energy changes cause weather to change (for example, formation of high and low pressure systems in the atmosphere results from changes in temperature).
• Temperature Factors
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/7b.asp
  
• Temperature
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/8b.asp
  
• Moisture
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/8d.asp
  
• Tornadoes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/10b.asp
  

Knows that sound travels in a medium (cannot travel in a vacuum), and travels at different speeds through various media.
• Types of Waves
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/10a.asp
  
• When Waves Collide
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/10c.asp
  
• Measuring Sound Waves
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/11a.asp
  

Knows the parts of a wave (crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude).
• Surf's Up! All About Waves
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4b.asp
  
• Thermosphere: Lonely at the Top
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6e.asp
  
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  
• Measuring Waves
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/10b.asp
  

Understands that wavelength determines the colors of visible light.
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  

Understands that wavelength determines the pitch of sound.
• Surrounded by Sound
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/11.asp
  

Knows that waves vary greatly in character (for example, sound, ultraviolet, infrared, ocean waves).
• Surf's Up! All About Waves
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4b.asp
  
• Thermosphere: Lonely at the Top
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6e.asp
  
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  

Understands that as energy is transferred from one system to another there is a reduction in the amount of useful energy.

Knows that energy transfer is not efficient.

Understands how fossil fuels are formed in the Earth, why they are nonrenewable, and the advantages and disadvantages of their use.

• Natural Resources: Use and Re-Use
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/12b.asp
  

Force and Motion

Knows that speed, velocity, and acceleration can be calculated, estimated, and defined.
• How Fast? Speed and Velocity
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/3b.asp
  
• Acceleration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/3c.asp
  
• Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8b.asp
  

Knows that the magnitude of linear acceleration can be calculated.
• Acceleration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/3c.asp
  

Knows ways to measure the frequency of waves.

Knows some technological devices that use wave energy (for example, sonar, ultrasound, laser).

• Applications
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/11d.asp
  

Knows that many forces act at a distance.
• The Magnetosphere
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1d.asp
  
• Tidal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/2c.asp
  
• Meaning of Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4b.asp
  

Knows some common contact forces (for example, friction, buoyancy, tension).
• Newton's First Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4a.asp
  
• Meaning of Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4b.asp
  
• Centripetal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8c.asp
  

Recognizes the forces that act on a given object.
• Newton's Laws of Motion: Movin' On AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4.asp
  
• Two-Dimensional Forces
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/5f.asp
  
• Equilibrium
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/5g.asp
  
• Characteristics of Circular Motion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8a.asp
  
• Centripetal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8c.asp
  

Knows that the overall effect of a force can be predicted.
• Newton's Laws of Motion: Movin' On
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4.asp
  
• Newton's Second Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4d.asp
  
• Centripetal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8c.asp
  

Knows that forces may be balanced or unbalanced.
• Determining Net Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4c.asp
  
• The Third Law: Forces in Pairs
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4f.asp
  
• Equilibrium
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/5g.asp
  
• Characteristics of Circular Motion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8a.asp
  
• Centripetal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8c.asp
  

Understands that unbalanced forces cause objects to accelerate.
• Determining Net Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4c.asp
  
• Centripetal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8c.asp
  

Knows that simple machines can be used to change the direction or size of a force.

Understands that an object in motion will continue at a constant speed and in a straight line until acted upon by a force and that an object at rest will remain at rest until acted upon by a force.

• What and How
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/1a.asp
  
• Newton's First Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4a.asp
  
• Characteristics of Circular Motion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8a.asp
  

Knows ways in which a net force (for example, the sum of all acting forces) can act on an object (for example, speeding up an object traveling in the same direction as the net force, slowing down an object traveling in the direction opposite of the net force).
• Meaning of Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4b.asp
  
• Determining Net Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4c.asp
  
• Newton's Second Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4d.asp
  
• Equilibrium
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/5g.asp
  
• Characteristics of Circular Motion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8a.asp
  
• Centripetal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8c.asp
  

Knows that gravity is a universal force that every mass exerts on every other mass.
• Tidal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/2c.asp
  
• Universal Gravitation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9b.asp
  
• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9d.asp
  

Processes that Shape the Earth

Uses observations and tests to identify mineral samples.
• Minerals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/6.asp
  

Understands how sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks are formed and categorized.
• The Rock Cycle AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.asp
  

Knows that over the whole Earth, organisms are growing, dying, and decaying and new organisms are being produced.

Knows ways conditions that exist in one system influence the conditions that exist in other systems (for example, the relationship between mountain building, island formation, and trench formation; interactions between the atmosphere and hydrosphere affect weather patterns).

• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  Students can use the content from the programs listed above to help achieve this standard.
  

Extends and refines knowledge of ways in which living things reshape the landscape.
• Continental Margins
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4d.asp
  
• Lakes, Swamps, and Marshes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/5a.asp
  
• Soil Formation and Composition
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/8b.asp
  
• Soil Characteristics
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/8c.asp
  

Understands concepts of time and size relating to the interaction of Earth's processes (for example, the distance between atoms measured in Angstrom units as opposed to distance between stars measured in light-years).
• Earth Within the Solar System AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1.asp
  
• Earth's Cycles: Rotation and Revolution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/2.asp
  
• Transpiration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3f.asp
  
• Runoff
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3g.asp
  
• Atmospheric Structure and Composition AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6.asp
  
• Solar Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9b.asp
  
• Thunderstorms
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/10a.asp
  
• Formation of the Earth
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/1a.asp
  
• Alfred Wegener and Continental Drift
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/2a.asp
  
• Earth's History: Pangaea to the Present
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/2b.asp
  
• Earthquakes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/3.asp
  
• The Rock Cycle AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.asp
  
• Geologic History AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/10.asp
  

Understands that quality of life is relevant to personal experience.
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  Students can use the content from earth science Programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Knows that legislation can be adopted to protect the Earth from detrimental human activities.
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  Students can use the content from the programs listed above to help achieve this standard.
  

Earth and Space

Knows that available data from various satellite probes show similarities and differences among planets and their moons in our Solar System.
• Earth's Location and its Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1b.asp
  
• Fly Me to the Moon
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1e.asp
  

Knows the size, temperature, age, and brightness of the Sun compared to some other stars in the Milky Way Galaxy (for example, white dwarfs, red giants).

Knows that stars appear to be made of similar chemical elements, although they differ in age, size, temperature, and distance.

Knows that thousands of other galaxies appear to have the same elements, forces, and forms of energy found in our Solar System.

• Earth Within the Solar System AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1.asp
  

Processes of Life

Understands that living things are composed of major systems that function in reproduction, growth, maintenance, and regulation.
• What Is Life? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/1.asp
  
• Bacteria and Viruses AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2.asp
  
• Protists, Fungi, and the Origin of Multicellularity AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/3.asp
  
• Plants: Energy Converters AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4.asp
  
• Invertebrate Animals: Rulers of the Animal Kingdom AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/5.asp
  
• Vertebrate Animals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/6.asp
  
• Mammals 'R' Us AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/7.asp
  
• Human Biology AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/8.asp
  

Knows the structures of cells, and their function and ways these mirror the structure and function of multicellular organisms.
• The Cell: Down to Basics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4.asp
  

Understands that cells of unicellular organisms are similar to those of multicellular organisms.
• The Cell: Down to Basics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4.asp
  
• Protists, Fungi, and the Origin of Multicellularity AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/3.asp
  

Knows the processes of division, growth, and maturation that occur during the cell cycle.
• The Cell Cycle: From Yeast to You
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/7c.asp
  
• Mitosis and Cytokinesis
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/7d.asp
  

Knows some of the functions of some types of cells, tissues, organs, and systems in advanced organisms.
• Cell-to-Cell Communication
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4i.asp
  
• Invertebrate Animals: Rulers of the Animal Kingdom AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/5.asp
  
• Vertebrate Animals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/6.asp
  
• Mammals 'R' Us AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/7.asp
  
• Human Biology AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/8.asp
  

Understands that the diversity of cell structure permits a diversity of functions for the organism.
• Specialized Structures and Cells
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4h.asp
  
• Cell-to-Cell Communication
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4i.asp
  
• Plants: Energy Converters AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4.asp
  
• Invertebrate Animals: Rulers of the Animal Kingdom AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/5.asp
  
• Vertebrate Animals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/6.asp
  
• Mammals 'R' Us AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/7.asp
  
• Human Biology AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/8.asp
  

Knows that the cell is a system of organelles that mirrors the systems within multicellular organisms.
• The Cell: Down to Basics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4.asp
  

Knows that the cells with similar functions have similar structures, whereas those with different structures have different functions.
• Cell-to-Cell Communication
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4i.asp
  

Uses tools to identify and compare cell structures (for example, microscope, hand lenses, bioscopes).

Knows ways behaviors that are responses to the environment may alter the normal growth, development, maintenance, and reproduction of an organism.

• Response to Environment
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/1e.asp
  
• Evolution: Populations in Motion AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/1.asp
  

Knows the difference between spores and seeds in plant reproduction.
• Plants: Energy Converters AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4.asp
  

Knows that the flower is the reproductive body of a vascular plant and that it is adapted for pollination.
• Gymnosperms and Angiosperms: Vascular Plants with Seeds
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4d.asp
  

Knows the difference between meiosis and mitosis and when each occurs.
• Sexual Reproduction: A New Pair of Genes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/7e.asp
  

Knows how dominant and recessive traits are inherited.
• Genetics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/8.asp
  

Uses a Punnett square to predict the results of crosses between pure and hybrid organisms.
• Mendel's Laws
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/8b.asp
  

Knows that variations within a species are the result of genetic information being passed from a parent to offspring and that interactions between the genes may occur in the process (for example, blending, crossing-over).
• Sexual Reproduction: A New Pair of Genes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/7e.asp
  
• Genetics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/8.asp
  
• Passing on the Code
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/9b.asp
  
• Mutations: Changing the Code
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/9c.asp
  

Knows ways organisms are adapted to their environment.
• Response to Environment
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/1e.asp
  
• Environmental Conditions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/5c.asp
  
• Evolution: Populations in Motion AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/1.asp
  
• Bacteria and Viruses AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2.asp
  
• Protists, Fungi, and the Origin of Multicellularity AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/3.asp
  
• Plants: Energy Converters AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4.asp
  
• Invertebrate Animals: Rulers of the Animal Kingdom AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/5.asp
  
• Vertebrate Animals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/6.asp
  
• Mammals 'R' Us AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/7.asp
  
• Human Biology AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/8.asp
  

Understands that species have characteristics that enable their populations to cycle within varying periods of time (minutes to hundreds of years).
• Populations: Relationships within Species
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/9c.asp
  

Knows that the fossil record provides evidence that changes in the kinds of plants and animals in the environment have been occurring over time.
• Taxonomy AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/10.asp
  
• Geologic Timetable
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/1e.asp
  
• Human Evolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/8h.asp
  

How Living Things Interact with Their Environment

Knows that some resources are renewable and others are nonrenewable.
• Natural Resources: Use and Re-Use
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/12b.asp
  

Understands that changes in the environment cause changes in populations.
• Early Earth History
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/10d.asp
  
• Middle to Recent History
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/10e.asp
  
• Ecological Succession
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/9d.asp
  
• Human Impact on the Environment AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/10.asp
  

Extends and refines knowledge of ways that human activities may deliberately or inadvertently alter the equilibrium in the ecosystem.
• The Nitrogen Cycle
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/11a.asp
  
• The Carbon Cycle
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/11b.asp
  
• The Oxygen Cycle
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/11c.asp
  
• Our Role in Earth's Future AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/12.asp
  
• Human Impact on the Environment AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/10.asp
  

The Nature of Science

Knows that scientific knowledge is subject to modification as new information challenges prevailing theories and as a new theory leads to looking at old observations in a new way.
• Types of Scientific Laws
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/1c.asp
  
• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  
• Life Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/index.asp
  
• The Scientific Method: How We Know What We Know
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/1f.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Extends and refines use of systematic, scientific processes to develop and test hypotheses.

Knows that the study of the events that led scientists to discoveries can provide information about the inquiry process and its effects.

• What and How
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/1a.asp
  
• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  
• Life Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/index.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Extends and refines knowledge that science disciplines differ from one another in topic, techniques, and outcomes but that they share a common purpose, philosophy, and enterprise.

Extends and refines use of accurate records, openness, and replication of experiments to ensure credibility.

• The Laws of Physical Science
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/1.asp
  

Extends and refines knowledge of how to identify the independent and dependent variables in an experiment.
• Graphing
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/2d.asp
  

Extends and refines use of appropriate experimental design, with consideration for rules, time, and materials required to solve a problem.

Extends and refines use of rules, time, and materials in ways that ensure the identification and separation of variables in an experiment to solve a problem.

Extends and refines knowledge of selected scientists and their accomplishments and recognizes their varied backgrounds, talents, interests, and goals.

• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  
• Life Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/index.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Extends and refines use of criteria necessary to determine the validity of a scientific experiment.

Knows that statistical tests are used to confirm the significance of data.

Understands the importance for looking for patterns in natural events.

• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  
• Life Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/index.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Knows that science ethics demand that scientists must not knowingly subject coworkers, students, the neighborhood, or the community to health or property risks.

Uses appropriate procedures for safety in the classroom, home, and community.

Extends and refines knowledge of the care, safe practices, and ethical treatment that are appropriate when using animals in field and laboratory research.

Knows that in research involving human subjects, the ethics of science require that potential subjects be fully informed about the risks and benefits associated with the research and of their right to refuse to participate.

Knows that technological design should require taking into account constraints such as natural laws, the properties of the materials used, and economic, political, social, ethical, and aesthetic values.

Understands that contributions to the advancement of science, mathematics, and technology have been made by different kinds of people, in different cultures, at different times and are an intrinsic part of the development of human culture.

• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  
• Life Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/index.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Knows that no matter who does science and mathematics or invents things, or when or where they do it, the knowledge and technology that result can eventually become available to everyone.
• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  
• Life Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/index.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Knows ways the scientific enterprise is global and available to all.
• Introduction to Physics Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/index.asp
  
• Introduction to Chemistry Concepts PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/index.asp
  
• Earth Science: Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/index.asp
  Students can use the content from Beyond Books science programs to help achieve this standard.
  

Uses a variety of technologies to collect, analyze, and report scientific findings.

Knows that the quantity of scientific information available is increasing at an exponential rate due to the advances in technology.