Illinois Learning Standards Science: State Goal 12 -- Middle School

STATE GOAL 12: Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences.

A. Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change.

12.A.3a Explain how cells function as "building blocks" of organisms and describe the requirements for cells to live.
• Organization of Living Things
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/1a.asp
  
• The Cell: Down to Basics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4.asp
  

12.A.3b Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent with those of organisms produced by two parents.
• Reproduction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/1c.asp
  
• Growth and Reproduction AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/7.asp
  

12.A.3c Compare and contrast how different forms and structures reflect different functions (e.g., similarities and differences among animals that fly, walk or swim; structures of plant cells and animal cells).
• Proteins: Body-Building Molecules
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/3d.asp
  
• Nucleic Acids: The Genetic Code
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/3e.asp
  
• The Cell: Down to Basics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4.asp
  
• DNA Upclose and Personal
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/9.asp
  
• How Populations Evolve
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/1c.asp
  
• Speciation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/1d.asp
  
• Bacteria and Viruses AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2.asp
  
• Protists, Fungi, and the Origin of Multicellularity AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/3.asp
  
• Plants: Energy Converters AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4.asp
  
• Invertebrate Animals: Rulers of the Animal Kingdom AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/5.asp
  
• Vertebrate Animals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/6.asp
  
• Mammals 'R' Us AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/7.asp
  
• Human Biology
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/8.asp
  

12.B.3a Identify and classify biotic and abiotic factors in an environment that affect population density, habitat and placement of organisms in an energy pyramid.
• Energy and Organisms AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/2.asp
  
• Abiotic Factors AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/5.asp
  

12.B.3b Compare and assess features of organisms for their adaptive, competitive and survival that influence the size and stability of populations within ecosystems(e.g., birth rate, death rate, predation,migration patterns).
• Bacteria and Viruses AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2.asp
  
• Protists, Fungi, and the Origin of Multicellularity AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/3.asp
  
• Plants: Energy Converters AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/4.asp
  
• Invertebrate Animals: Rulers of the Animal Kingdom AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/5.asp
  
• Vertebrate Animals AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/6.asp
  
• Mammals 'R' Us AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/7.asp
  
• Communities: Relationships Among Species
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/9b.asp
  
• Populations: Relationships within Species
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif72/9c.asp
  

12.C.3a Explain interactions of energy with matter including changes of state and conservation of mass and energy.
• Work, Energy, and Power AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/7.asp
  
• State and Phase Changes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/9.asp
  

12.C.3b Model and describe the chemical and physical characteristics of matter (e.g., atoms, molecules, elements, compounds, mixtures).
• Fool's Gold: From Alchemy to Chemistry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/1.asp
  
• Patterns in Chemistry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc92/2.asp
  

12.D.3a Explain and demonstrate how forces affect motion (e.g., action/reaction, equilibrium conditions, free-falling objects).
• The Notion of Motion AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/3.asp
  
• Newton's Laws of Motion: Movin' On AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/4.asp
  
• Equilibrium
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/5g.asp
  
• Momentum AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/6.asp
  
• Circular Motion AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/8.asp
  
• Planetary Motion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9.asp
  

12.D.3b Explain the factors that affect the gravitational forces on objects (e.g., changes in mass, distance).
• Kepler's Laws
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9a.asp
  
• Universal Gravitation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9b.asp
  
• The Inverse Square Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9c.asp
  
• Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9d.asp
  
• The Value of G
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/psc91/9e.asp
  

12.E.3a. Analyze and explain large-scale dynamic forces, events and processes that affect the Earth's land, water and atmospheric systems (e.g., jetstream, hurricanes, plate tectonics).
• Earth's Cycles: Rotation and Revolution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/2.asp
  
• The Water Cycle AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3.asp
  
• Oceanography AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4.asp
  
• Surface Water Systems AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/5.asp
  
• Atmospheric Structure and Composition AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6.asp
  
• Earth's Climate AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/7.asp
  
• How's the Weather? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/8.asp
  
• Taking Turns: Weather Patterns AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9.asp
  
• Wild and Woolly Weather AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/10.asp
  
• Earth's Structure AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/1.asp
  
• Plate Tectonics AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/2.asp
  
• Earthquakes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/3.asp
  
• Volcanoes: Part 1 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/4.asp
  
• Volcanoes: Part 2 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/5.asp
  
• The Rock Cycle AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7.asp
  
• Weathering and Soils AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/8.asp
  
• Surface Processes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/9.asp
  
• The Living Earth AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/11.asp
  
• Our Role in Earth's Future AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/12.asp
  

12.E.3b. Describe interactions between solid earth, oceans, atmosphere and organisms that have resulted in ongoing changes of Earth (e.g., erosion, El Nino).
• The Magnetosphere
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1d.asp
  
• The Water Cycle AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/3.asp
  
• Oceanography AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/4.asp
  
• Surface Water Systems AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/5.asp
  
• There's Something in the Air
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6a.asp
  
• Troposphere: All Mixed Up
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6b.asp
  
• Stratosphere: The Ozone Zone
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/6c.asp
  
• Earth's Climate AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/7.asp
  
• How's the Weather? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/8.asp
  
• Taking Turns: Weather Patterns AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/9.asp
  
• Wild and Woolly Weather AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/10.asp
  
• Sedimentary Rocks: Layered Storytellers
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/7b.asp
  
• Weathering and Soils AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/8.asp
  
• Surface Processes AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/9.asp
  
• Early Earth History
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/10d.asp
  
• Our Role in Earth's Future AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear82/12.asp
  

12.E.3c. Evaluate the biodegradability of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources.

12.F.3a. Simulate, analyze and explain the effects of gravitational force in the solar system (e.g., orbital shape and speed, tides, spherical shape of the planets and moons).
• Earth's Location and its Effects
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1b.asp
  
• Fly Me to the Moon
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/1e.asp
  
• Tidal Force
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ear81/2c.asp
  

12.F.3b. Describe the organization and physical characteristics of the solar system (e.g., sun, planets, satellites, asteroids, comets.

12.F.3c. Compare and contrast the sun as a star with other objects in the Milky Way Galaxy (e.g., nebulae, dust clouds, stars, black holes).