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Michigan Social Studies Content Strands Grades 9-12
Strand I. Historical Perspective
Standard I.I Time and Chronology
1. Construct and interpret timelines of people and events in the history of Michigan and the United States since the era of Reconstruction.
2. Describe major factors that characterize the following eras in United States history: The Development of the Industrial United States (1870-1900), The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930), The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945), Post War United States (1945-1970) and Contemporary United States (1968-present).
3. Identify some of the major eras in world history and describe their defining characteristics.
Standard I.2 Comprehending the Past
1. Draw upon narratives and graphic data to explain significant events that shaped the development of Michigan as a state and the United States as a nation during the eras since Reconstruction.
2. Identify and explain how individuals in history demonstrated good character and personal virtue.
3. Select events and individuals from the past that have had global impact on the modern world and describe their impact.
Standard I.3 Analyzing and Interpreting the Past
1. Use primary and secondary records to analyze significant events that shaped the development of Michigan as a state and the United States as a nation since the era of Reconstruction.
2. Challenge arguments of historical inevitability by formulating examples of how different choices could have led to different consequences.
3. Select contemporary problems in the world and compose historical narratives that explain their antecedents.
Standard I.4 Judging Decisions from the Past
Identify major decisions in the history of Michigan and the United States since the era of Reconstruction, analyze contemporary factors contributing to the decisions and consider alternative courses of action.
1. Evaluate the responses of individuals to historic violations of human dignity involving discrimination, persecution and crimes against humanity.
2. Analyze key decisions by drawing appropriate historical analogies.
3. Select pivotal decisions in United States history and evaluate them in light of core democratic values and resulting costs and benefits as viewed from a variety of perspectives.
Strand II. Geographic Perspective
Students will use knowledge of spatial patterns on earth to understand processes that shape human environments and to make decisions about society.
Standard II.I "Diversity of People, Places, and Cultures"
All students will describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of places, cultures, and settlements.
Standard II.2 Human/Environment Interaction
All students will describe, compare, and explain the locations and characteristics of ecosystems, resources, human adaptation, environmental impact, and the interrelationships among them.
1. Describe the environmental consequences of major world processes and events.
2. Assess the relationship between property ownership and the management of natural resources.
Standard II.3 Location, Movement, and Connections
Standard II.4 "Regions, Patterns, and Processes"
All students will describe and compare characteristics of ecosystems, states, regions, countries, major world regions, and patterns and explain the processes that created them.
Standard II.5 Global Issues and Events
Strand III. Civic Perspective
Students will use knowledge of American government and politics to make informed decisions about governing their communities.
Standard III.I Purposes of Government
Standard III.2 Ideals of American Democracy
Standard III.3 Democracy in Action
All students will describe the political and legal processes created to make decisions, seek consensus, and resolve conflicts in a free society.
1. Using actual cases, evaluate the effectiveness of civil and criminal courts in the United States.
2. Explain why people may agree on democratic values in the abstract but disagree when they are applied to specific situations.
3. Evaluate possible amendments to the Constitution.
Standard III.4 American Government and Politics
All students will explain how American governmental institutions at the local, state, and federal levels provide for the limitation and sharing of power and how the nation's political system provides for the exercise of power.
1. Evaluate proposals for reform of the political system.
2. Analyze causes of tension between the branches of government.
Standard III.5 American Government and World Affairs
Strand IV. Economic Perspective
Students will use knowledge of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services to make personal and societal decisions about the use of scarce resources.
Standard IV.I Individual and Household Choices
All students will describe and demonstrate how the economic forces of scarcity and choice affect the management of personal financial resources, shape consumer decisions regarding the purchase, use, and disposal of goods and services, and affect the economic well-being of individuals and society.
1. Design a strategy for earning, spending, saving, and investing their resources.
2. Evaluate the impact on households of alternative solutions to societal problems such as health care, housing, or energy use.
3. Analyze ways individuals can select suppliers of goods and services and protect themselves from deception in the marketplace.
Standard IV.2 Business Choices
All students will explain and demonstrate how businesses confront scarcity and choice when organizing, producing, and using resources, and when supplying the marketplace.
1. Outline the decision making process a business goes through when deciding whether to export to a foreign market.
2. Evaluate ways to resolve conflicts resulting from differences between business interests and community values.
Standard IV.3 Role of Government
All students will describe how government decisions on taxation, spending, public goods, and regulation impact what is produced, how it is produced, and who receives the benefits of production.
1. Describe the use of economic indicators and assess their accuracy.
2. Distinguish between monetary and fiscal policy and explain how each might be applied to problems such as unemployment and inflation.
3. Compare governmental approaches to economic growth in developing countries.
4. Evaluate a government spending program on the basis of its intended and unintended results.
5. Select criteria to use in evaluating tax policy.
Standard IV.4 Economic Systems
All students will explain how a free market economic system works, as well as other economic systems, to coordinate and facilitate the exchange, production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
1. Use case studies to exemplify how supply and demand, prices, incentives, and profits determine what is produced and distributed in a competitive world market.
2. Describe relationships between a domestic economy and the international economic system.
3. Evaluate the United States and other economic systems on their ability to achieve broad social goals such as freedom, efficiency, equity, security, development, and stability.
4. Describe relationships among the various economic institutions that comprise economic systems such as households, business firms, banks, government agencies, and labor unions.
5. Compare and contrast a free market economic system with other economic systems.
Standard IV.5 Trade
All students will describe how trade generates economic development and interdependence and analyze the resulting challenges and benefits for individuals, producers, and government.
1. Evaluate the benefits and problems of an economic system built on voluntary exchange.
2. Trace the historical development of international trading ties.
3. Explain how specialization, interdependence and economic development are related.
4. Describe the effect of currency exchange, tariffs, quotas, and product standards on world trade and domestic economic activity.
Strand V. Inquiry
Students will use methods of social science investigation to answer questions about society.
Standard V.I Information Processing
All students will acquire information from books, maps, newspapers, data sets, and other sources, organize and present the information in maps, graphs, charts, and time lines, interpret the meaning and significance of information, and use a variety of electronic technologies to assist in accessing and managing information.
1. Locate information pertaining to a specific social science topic in-depth using a variety of sources and electronic technologies.
2. Use traditional and electronic means to organize and interpret information pertaining to a specific social science topic and prepare it for in-depth presentation.
3. Develop generalizations pertaining to a specific social science topic by interpreting information from a variety of sources.
Standard V.2 Conducting Investigations
All students will conduct investigations by formulating a clear statement of a question, gathering and organizing information from a variety of sources, analyzing and interpreting information, formulating and testing hypotheses, reporting results both orally and in writing, and making use of appropriate technology.
1. Conduct an investigation prompted by a social science question and compare alternative interpretations of their findings.
2. Report the results of their investigation including procedures followed and a rationale for their conclusions.
Strand VI. Public Discourse and Decision Making
Students will analyze public issues and construct and express thoughtful positions on these issues.
Standard VI.I Identifying and Analyzing Issues
All students will state an issue clearly as a question of public policy, trace the origins of the issue, analyze various perspectives people bring to the issue, and evaluate possible ways to resolve the issue.
1. Generate possible alternative resolutions to public issues and evaluate them using criteria that have been identified.
Standard VI.2 Group Discussion
All students will engage their peers in constructive conversation about matters of public concern by clarifying issues, considering opposing views, applying democratic values, anticipating consequences, and working toward making decisions.
1. Engage each other in elaborated conversations that deeply examine public policy issues and help make reasoned and informed decisions.
Standard VI.3 Persuasive Writing
All students will compose coherent written essays that express a position on a public issue and justify the position with reasoned arguments.
1. Compose extensively elaborated essays expressing and justifying decisions on public policy issues.
Strand VII. "Citizen Involvement"
Students will act constructively to further the public good.
Standard VII.I Responsible Personal Conduct
All students will consider the effects of an individual's actions on other people, how one acts in accordance with the rule of law, and how one acts in a virtuous and ethically responsible way as a member of society.
1. Act out of respect for the rule of law and hold others accountable to the same standard.
2. Plan and conduct activities intended to advance their views on matters of public policy, report the results of their efforts and evaluate their effectiveness.
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