U.S. and South Carolina Social Studies -- Grade 8

I. Time, Continuity, and Change: History

8.1 The learner will demonstrate an understanding of history of South Carolina and the United States from the earliest human settlements through Populism (ca. 1900). The student should be able to

8.1.1 discuss the nature, challenges, and contributions of African-American communities and Native American culture; women and their role in society; and other ethnic and religious groups and
• Native American Society on the Eve of British Colonization AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/1.asp
  
• War and Peace with Powhatan's People
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/2e.asp
  
• African Americans in the British New World AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/6.asp
  
• 'Republican Motherhood'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12d.asp
  
• Revolutionary Limits: Native Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1f.asp
  
• U.S. Military Defeat; Indian Victory in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6d.asp
  
• Native American Resilience and Violence in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6e.asp
  
• Native American Resistance in the Trans-Appalachian West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9d.asp
  
• The Trail of Tears -- The Indian Removals
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1f.asp
  

8.1.2 identify cultural expressions of life in South Carolina and the United States during this period.
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  

8.2.1 explain the influence of physical geography on South Carolina history;

8.2.2 describe life in the Americas before the arrival of Europeans and Africans and the consequences of first contact;

• Native American Society on the Eve of British Colonization AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/1.asp
  

8.2.3 compare and contrast early European settlements in South Carolina and the American colonies, including political, economic, and social institutions;
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.2.4 explain ways in which South Carolina and other colonies addressed the labor shortage, including slavery;
• African Americans in the British New World AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/6.asp
  
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  

8.2.5 describe the political and social divergence of South Carolinians and other Anglo-American colonists from England; and
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.2.6 Examine the causes and course of the American Revolution and the contributions of South Carolinians.
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  

8.3.1 discuss the antecedents to the Constitution, the Constitutional Convention, and arguments over ratification;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• Jackson through Reconstruction PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/index.asp
  

8.3.2 identify the major domestic and foreign issues of the early presidential administrations through the War of 1812;
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• Jackson through Reconstruction PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/index.asp
  

8.3.3 describe political developments and key figures from the Era of Good Feelings through the Antebellum Period;
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  

8.3.4 discuss the development of nationalism at home and in foreign affairs;
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  

8.3.5 describe the revolutions in energy, manufacturing, and transportation and their spatial distribution;
• The Gilded Age AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/1.asp
  
• Organized Labor AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/2.asp
  
• From the Countryside to the City AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3.asp
  
• The Print Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/4e.asp
  

8.3.6 compare and contrast the Northern industrial system with the Southern agrarian society;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  

8.3.7 discuss the various reform movements prior to the Civil War;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  

8.3.8 describe the emergence of an American culture and literature;
• American Literary Voices Part 1 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/index.asp
  
• American Literary Voices Part 2 PROGRAM
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam12/index.asp
  

8.3.9 discuss westward expansion and the sectional tensions that developed, including the rising opposition to slavery; and
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  

8.3.10 describe U.S. relations with Native Americans, including Indian removal.
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Closing the Frontier AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/5.asp
  

8.4.1 identify the series of events leading to the election of Lincoln and the outbreak of Civil War,
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  
• First Blood and Its Aftermath
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10c.asp
  

8.4.2 describe the causes and course of the Civil War and its effects on the American people, and
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  
• First Blood and Its Aftermath
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10c.asp
  

8.4.3 identify the stages, characteristics, and key figures of the Reconstruction era.
• Reconstruction AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  

8.5.1 discuss American industrialization and its impact on the economy, society, culture, and public policy;
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Rise of American Industry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• Organized Labor AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/2.asp
  
• Social and Regulatory Policy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/11d.asp
  

8.5.2 describe immigration, migration and urban life in America;
• From the Countryside to the City AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3.asp
  
• Intolerance
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/12c.asp
  
• Citizenship Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10d.asp
  

8.5 .3 describe the major issues, events and figures of the Women's Suffrage Movement in the late nineteenth century;
• Women's Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/3c.asp
  
• Women's Suffrage at Last
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7c.asp
  

8.5.4 discuss the end of the frontier and the decimation of Native American culture;
• The Age of Jackson AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Closing the Frontier AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/5.asp
  

8.5.6 describe the economic crisis in agriculture and the emergence of Populism in South Carolina and the United States; and
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• First Blood and Its Aftermath
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10c.asp
  

8.5.7 discuss American imperialism.
• Manifest Destiny AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6.asp
  
• Seeking Empire AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/9.asp
  

II. Power, Authority, & Governance: Government/Political Science

8.6 The learner will demonstrate an understanding of the foundations of American democracy, including its basic principles and the foundations of the American political system. The student should be able to

8.6.1 compare and contrast the central ideas of South Carolina and United States constitutional governments;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  
• Federalism AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  

8.6.2 identify and explain historical, geographic, social, and economic factors that have helped shape American democracy;
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  
• The Nature of Government AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/1.asp
  
• Foundations of American Government AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2.asp
  
• Federalism AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  
• American Political Attitudes and Participation AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4.asp
  
• How Do Citizens Connect With Their Government? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/5.asp
  
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10.asp
  
• Policy Making: Political Interactions AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/11.asp
  
• A Small, Small, World?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/13c.asp
  

8.6.3 summarize the importance of shared political values and principles to American democracy;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Fort Sumter
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10a.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  
• American Political Culture
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4a.asp
  

8.6.4 explain how political parties and other associations and groups provide opportunities for participation in the political process; and
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• How Do Citizens Connect With Their Government?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/5.asp
  

8.6.5 describe how public policy is formed and carried out at the local, state, and national levels.
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Federal-State Relations Today: Back to States' Rights?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3c.asp
  
• How a Bill Becomes a Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/6e.asp
  
• Policy Making: Political Interactions AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/11.asp
  
• State and Local Governments AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/12.asp
  

8.7.1 explain the meaning of citizenship in the United States and describe how one becomes a citizen;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Citizenship Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10d.asp
  

8.7.2 differentiate between personal, political, and economic rights;
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10.asp
  

8.7.3 explain the importance of personal responsibilities and civic responsibilities in the operation of a democracy;
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Participating in Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4d.asp
  
• Voting: A Forgotten Privilege?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4e.asp
  

8.7.4 identify the factors that enhance the effectiveness of citizens and promote the functioning of American constitutional democracy;
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Participating in Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4d.asp
  

8.7.5 describe the means by which Americans can monitor and influence politics and governments;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Measuring Public Opinion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4c.asp
  
• Participating in Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4d.asp
  
• Voting: A Forgotten Privilege?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4e.asp
  
• How Do Citizens Connect With Their Government? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/5.asp
  

8.7.6 justify the importance of political leadership and public service in a constitutional democracy;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  

8.7.7 explain the struggles for equity in the political arena that affected African Americans, women, and other ethnic and religious groups.
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10a.asp
  

III. People, Places, and Environments: Geography

8.8 The learner will demonstrate an understanding of South Carolina and the United States in spatial terms. The student should be able to

8.8.1 make and use maps, globes, graphs, charts, and models to illustrate and analyze location and spatial distributions of physical and cultural features in South Carolina and the United States;

8.8.2 describe and locate physical characteristics such as landforms, drainage patterns, climate regions, and the natural resources in South Carolina and the United States;

8.8.3 explain how people interacted with their physical environment to create distinctive regions in South Carolina and the United States;

• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  

8.8.4 describe the geographic patterns and types of migrations as they affect ecosystems and natural resources, settlement, economic development, and population change in South Carolina and the United States; and
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  

8.8.5 describe the role of technology development in shaping the characteristics of economic, cultural, and political regions in South Carolina and the United States.
• Creating the Carolinas
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5c.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

IV. Production, Distribution, and Consumption: Economics

8.9 The learner will demonstrate an understanding of the sources of income and growth in a free enterprise economy in the context of South Carolina and United States studies. The student should be able to

8.9.1 describe division of labor,
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.9.2 explain how free enterprise provides the goods and services consumers want,
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.9.3 explain how income is derived from the products of labor, and
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.9.4 compare different production methods and illustrate how productivity is affected by technological change.
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.10.1 provide examples of the basic institutions of capitalism: private property, free enterprise, competition, and profit;
• A Tradition of Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7e.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.10.2 explain the borrowing and lending functions of banks; and
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  

8.10.3 explain collective bargaining and the role of labor unions nationally.
• Organized Labor
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/2.asp
  

8.11.1 describe inflation and recession and their effects on the value of money;
• The Great Depression
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush12/1.asp
  

8.11.2 describe the effect of budgetary and monetary policies on the economy; and
• The Great Depression
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush12/1.asp
  
• The New Deal
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush12/2.asp
  

8.11.3 identify the principal sources of income and expenditures of federal, state, and local government.