California Social Studies Standards -- Grade 8

United States History and Geography: Growth and Conflict

RETURN TO TOP

8.1 Students understand the major events preceding the founding of the nation and relate their significance to the development of American constitutional democracy, in terms of:

1. the relationship between the moral and political ideas of the Great Awakening and the development of revolutionary fervor
• The Beginnings of Revolutionary Thinking AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7.asp
  
• The Events Leading to Independence AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/9.asp
  
• E Pluribus Unum AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/10.asp
  
• Democratic Values -- Liberty, Equality, Justice
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/1d.asp
  

2. the philosophy of government expressed in the Declaration of Independence with an emphasis on government as a means of securing individual rights (e.g., key phrases such as "...all Men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights")
• The Declaration of Independence
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/10g.asp
  
• The Declaration of Independence and Its Legacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1a.asp
  
• Independence and the Articles of Confederation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2b.asp
  

3. the significance of the American Revolution as it affected other nations especially France
• The Battle of Saratoga
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/11g.asp
  
• The French Alliance
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/11h.asp
  
• Politics in Transition: Public Conflict in the 1790s
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7.asp
  
• Trans-Atlantic Crisis: The French Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7a.asp
  

4. its blend of civic republicanism, classical liberal principles, and English parliamentary traditions
• Thomas Paine's Common Sense
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/10f.asp
  
• The Declaration of Independence
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/10g.asp
  
• A Revolution in Social Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12b.asp
  
• Political Experience
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12c.asp
  
• 'Republican Motherhood'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12d.asp
  
• Making Rules
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• Articles of Confederation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2b.asp
  
• Evaluating the Congress
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2c.asp
  
• Drafting the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3.asp
  
• Ratifying the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• Hamilton's Financial Plan
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6b.asp
  
• The Era of Good Feelings and the Two-Party System
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11a.asp
  
• The Expansion of the Vote: A White Man's Democracy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11b.asp
  

8.2 Students analyze the political principles underlying the U.S. Constitution and compare the enumerated and implied powers of the federal government, in terms of:

1. the significance of the Magna Carta, the English Bill of Rights, and the Mayflower Compact
• Britain in the New World
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/2.asp
  
• The House of Burgesses
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/2f.asp
  
• The Mayflower and Plymouth Colony
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/3a.asp
  
• William Bradford and the First Thanksgiving
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/3b.asp
  
• Reaching to Connecticut
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/3f.asp
  
• The Nature of Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/1.asp
  
• Types of Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/1b.asp
  
• Foundations of American Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2.asp
  
• The Colonial Experience
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2a.asp
  

2. the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution, and the success of each in implementing the ideals of the Declaration of Independence
• The Declaration of Independence and Its Legacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1a.asp
  
• Articles of Confederation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2b.asp
  
• A Cast of National Superstars
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3b.asp
  
• The Tough Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3c.asp
  
• Constitution Through Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3d.asp
  
• Democratic Values -- Liberty, Equality, Justice
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/1d.asp
  
• Independence and the Articles of Confederation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2b.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  

3. the major debates that occurred during the development of the Constitution and their ultimate resolutions on areas such as shared power among institutions, divided state-federal power, slavery, the rights of individuals and states (later addressed by the addition of the Bill of Rights) and the status of American Indian nations under the commerce clause
• Revolutionary Changes and Limitations: Slavery
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1d.asp
  
• Revolutionary Limits: Native Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1f.asp
  
• A Cast of National Superstars
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3b.asp
  
• The Tough Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3c.asp
  
• Constitution Through Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3d.asp
  
• Ratifying the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4.asp
  
• Unsettled Domestic Issues AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6.asp
  
• Native American Resistance in the Trans-Appalachian West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9d.asp
  
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• Foundations of American Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2d.asp
  
• Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  
• The Founders and Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3a.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  

4. the political philosophy underpinning the U.S. Constitution as specified in The Federalist (authored by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay) and the role of such leaders as James Madison, George Washington, Roger Sherman, Gouverneur Morris, and James Wilson in the writing and ratification of the Constitution
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• Drafting the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3.asp
  
• Ratifying the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4.asp
  
• George Washington AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/5.asp
  
• Unsettled Domestic Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• Hamilton's Financial Plan
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6b.asp
  
• Growing Opposition
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6c.asp
  
• A Federalist Stronghold: John Marshall's Supreme Court
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8e.asp
  
• What Is a Democracy?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/1c.asp
  
• Foundations of American Government
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2.asp
  
• The Colonial Experience
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2a.asp
  
• Independence and the Articles of Confederation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2b.asp
  
• Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  
• The Founders and Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3a.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  
• The Creation of the Federal Courts
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/9a.asp
  

5. the significance of Jefferson's Statute for Religious Freedom as a forerunner of the First Amendment, and the origins, purpose and differing views of the founding fathers on the issue of the separation of church and state
• A Revolution in Social Law
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12b.asp
  
• The Tough Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3c.asp
  
• Constitution Through Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3d.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• Jeffersonian Ideology
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8b.asp
  
• Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10c.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2d.asp
  
• The Judicial Branch
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/9.asp
  
• First Amendment Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10b.asp
  

6. the powers of government enumerated in the Constitution and the fundamental liberties ensured by the Bill of Rights
• A Cast of National Superstars
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3b.asp
  
• The Tough Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3c.asp
  
• Constitution Through Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3d.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2d.asp
  
• The Founders and Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3a.asp
  

7. the principles of federalism, dual sovereignty, separation of powers, checks and balances, the nature and purpose of majority rule, and how the American idea of constitutionalism preserves individual rights
• Drafting the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3.asp
  
• The Tough Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3c.asp
  
• Constitution Through Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3d.asp
  
• Ratifying the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4.asp
  
• Federalists
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4a.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• Jeffersonian Ideology
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8b.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2d.asp
  
• Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  
• The Founders and Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3a.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  
• Congress: The People's Branch? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/6.asp
  
• The Presidency: The Leadership Branch? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/7.asp
  
• The Judicial Branch AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/9.asp
  
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10.asp
  

8.3 Students understand the foundation of the American political system and the ways in which citizens participate in it, in terms of:

1. the principles and concepts codified in the state constitutions between 1777 and 1781 that create the context out of which American political institutions and ideas developed
• Political Experience
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12c.asp
  
• 'Republican Motherhood'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12d.asp
  
• The Declaration of Independence and Its Legacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1a.asp
  
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  
• Articles of Confederation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2b.asp
  
• Evaluating the Congress
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2c.asp
  
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  

2. how the ordinances of 1785 and 1787 privatized national resources and transferred federally owned lands into private holdings, townships and states
• Evaluating the Congress
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2c.asp
  

3. the advantages of a "common market" among the states as foreseen and protected by the Constitution's clauses on interstate commerce, common coinage, and full-faith and credit
• Drafting the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3.asp
  
• The Development of the Bureaucracy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/8a.asp
  

4. the conflicts between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton that resulted in the emergence of two political parties (e.g., view of foreign policy, Alien and Sedition Acts, economic policy, National Bank, funding and assumption of the revolutionary debt
• Ratifying the Constitution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4.asp
  
• Unsettled Domestic Issues
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• Hamilton's Financial Plan
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6b.asp
  
• Growing Opposition
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6c.asp
  
• Politics in Transition: Public Conflict in the 1790s
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7.asp
  
• Two Parties Emerge
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7c.asp
  
• The Adams Presidency
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7d.asp
  
• The Era of Good Feelings and the Two-Party System
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11a.asp
  
• Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  
• Political Parties
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/5a.asp
  

5. the significance of domestic resistance movements and ways in which the central government responded to such movements (e.g., Shay's rebellion, the Whiskey Rebellion)
• Shays' Rebellion
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/3a.asp
  
• U.S. Military Defeat; Indian Victory in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6d.asp
  
• Native American Resilience and Violence in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6e.asp
  
• Native American Resistance in the Trans-Appalachian West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9d.asp
  

6. the basic law-making process and how the design of the U.S. Constitution provides numerous opportunities for citizens to participate in the political process and to monitor and influence government (e.g., function of elections, political parties, interest groups)
• Creating the Constitution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2c.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2d.asp
  
• American Political Attitudes and Participation AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/4.asp
  
• How Do Citizens Connect With Their Government? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/5.asp
  
• Congress: The People's Branch? AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/6.asp
  

7. the function and responsibilities of a free press
• The Trial of John Peter Zenger
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/7c.asp
  
• The Bill of Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6a.asp
  
• The Election of 1800
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8a.asp
  
• Jeffersonian Ideology
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8b.asp
  
• The Alien and Sedition Acts
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7e.asp
  
• The Media
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/5d.asp
  
• First Amendment Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10b.asp
  
• Comparing Governments
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/13a.asp
  

8.4 Students analyze the aspirations and ideals of the people of the new nation, in terms of:

1. its physical landscapes and political divisions and the territorial expansion of the U.S. during the terms of the first four presidents
• U.S. Military Defeat; Indian Victory in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6d.asp
  
• Native American Resilience and Violence in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6e.asp
  
• The Adams Presidency
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7d.asp
  
• Westward Expansion: The Louisiana Purchase
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8c.asp
  
• A New National Capital: Washington, D.C.
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8d.asp
  
• The Expanding Republic and the War of 1812 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9.asp
  
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  

2. the policy significance of famous speeches (e.g., George Washington's Farewell Address, Jefferson's Inaugural, John Q. Adams Fourth of July 1821 Address)
• Farewell Address
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/5d.asp
  
• The Election of 1800
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8a.asp
  
• Jeffersonian Ideology
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8b.asp
  
• John Quincy Adams
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11e.asp
  
• Foundations of American Government AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/2.asp
  

3. the rise of capitalism and the economic problems and conflicts that arose (e.g., Jackson's opposition to the National Bank; early decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court that reinforced the sanctity of contracts and a capitalist economic system of law)
• A Federalist Stronghold: John Marshall's Supreme Court
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8e.asp
  
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• Jacksonian Democracy and Modern America
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11f.asp
  
• The War Against the Bank
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1d.asp
  
• The Creation of the Federal Courts
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/9a.asp
  
• Comparing Economic Systems
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/13b.asp
  

4. the daily lives of people, including the traditions in art, music, and literature of early national America (e.g., writings by Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper)
• Early National Arts and Cultural Independence
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10f.asp
  
• Early Popular Drama and Novels
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/2a.asp
  
• Washington Irving and 'The Knickerbocker Tales'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/2b.asp
  

8.5 Students analyze U.S. foreign policy in the early Republic, in terms of:

1. the political and economic causes and consequences of the War of 1812 and the major battles, leaders, and events leading to a final peace
• The Expanding Republic and the War of 1812 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9.asp
  

2. the changing boundaries and the principal relationships between the United States, its neighbors (current Mexico and Canada) and Europe, including the influence of the Monroe Doctrine and how those relationships influenced westward expansion and the Mexican American War
• U.S. Military Defeat; Indian Victory in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6d.asp
  
• Native American Resilience and Violence in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6e.asp
  
• Westward Expansion: The Louisiana Purchase
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8c.asp
  
• The Expanding Republic and the War of 1812 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9.asp
  
• Social Change and National Development
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The Trail of Tears -- The Indian Removals
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1f.asp
  
• Manifest Destiny AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  

3. the major treaties with Indian nations during the administrations of the first four presidents and their varying outcomes
• The First Administration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/5c.asp
  
• The Adams Presidency
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7d.asp
  
• The Alien and Sedition Acts
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7e.asp
  
• The Life and Times of John Adams
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7f.asp
  
• Westward Expansion: The Louisiana Purchase
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8c.asp
  
• The Expanding Republic and the War of 1812 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9.asp
  

8.6 Students analyze the divergent paths of the American people from 1800 to the mid-1800's and the challenges they faced, with emphasis on the Northeast, in terms of:

1. the influence of industrialization and technological developments on the region, including human modification of the landscape and how physical geography shaped human actions (e.g., growth of cities, deforestation, farming, mineral extraction)
• The Importance of the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9a.asp
  
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The Rise of American Industry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2.asp
  
• The Crowning of King Cotton
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4a.asp
  

2. the physical obstacles to, and the economic and political factors in (e.g., Henry Clay's American System), building a network of roads, canals and railroads
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The War Against the Bank
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1d.asp
  
• Jackson vs. Clay and Calhoun
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1e.asp
  
• The Rise of American Industry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  

3. the reasons for the wave of immigration from Northern Europe to the U.S. and growth in the number, size, and spatial arrangements of cities (e.g., Irish immigrants and the Great Irish Famine)
• Irish and German Immigration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2f.asp
  
• The Rush of Immigrants
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3c.asp
  

4. the lives of black Americans who gained freedom in the North and founded schools and churches to advance black rights and communities
• Revolutionary Changes and Limitations: Slavery
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1d.asp
  
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• Free(?) African-Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4d.asp
  
• Abolitionist Sentiment Grows AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/5.asp
  
• Reconstruction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  
• Booker T. Washington
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7d.asp
  
• W. E. B. DuBois
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7e.asp
  
• The Harlem Renaissance
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/11e.asp
  

5. the development of the American education system from its earliest roots, including the role of religious and private schools, Horace Mann's campaign for free public education, and its assimilating role in American culture
• The Glamour of American Cities
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3a.asp
  
• Education
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/4a.asp
  
• Transcendentalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/2d.asp
  
• Perspectives on Slavery and Abolition
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3b.asp
  

6. the women's suffrage movement (e.g., biographies, writings, and speeches of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Margaret Fuller, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony)
• 'Republican Motherhood'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12d.asp
  
• Revolutionary Changes and Limitations: Women
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1e.asp
  
• New Roles for White Women
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10e.asp
  
• The Expansion of the Vote: A White Man's Democracy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11b.asp
  
• The Emergence of 'Women's Sphere'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2e.asp
  
• Women's Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/3c.asp
  
• Transcendentalism, An American Philosophy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/3f.asp
  
• Women in the Gilded Age
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/4c.asp
  
• Victorian Values in a New Age
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/4d.asp
  
• Roots of the Movement
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7a.asp
  
• Muckrakers
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7b.asp
  
• Women's Suffrage at Last
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7c.asp
  
• Flappers
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/11d.asp
  
• Women's Perspectives
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/1c.asp
  
• Writers for Women's Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3d.asp
  
• Rise of the Ladies' Magazines
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3e.asp
  

7. common themes in American art as well as Transcendentalism and individualism (e.g., writings about and by Emerson, Thoreau, Melville, Alcott, Hawthorne, Longfellow
• An Explosion of New Thought AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/3.asp
  
• Quest for an 'American Identity' AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/2.asp
  
• Hawthorne and Melville AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/5.asp
  
• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/6b.asp
  
• Louisa May Alcott
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/10a.asp
  

8.7 Students analyze the divergent paths of the American people from 1800 to the mid-1800s and the challenges they faced, with emphasis on the South, in terms of:

1. the development of the agrarian economy in the South, the location of the cotton producing states and the role of cotton and the cotton gin
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• The Peculiar Institution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4.asp
  
• The Crowning of King Cotton
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4a.asp
  
• The Plantation & Chivalry
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4c.asp
  

2. the origins and development of the institution of slavery; its effects on black Americans and on the region's political, social, religious, economic and cultural development; and the various attempted strategies to both overturn and preserve it (e.g., biographies of Nat Turner, Denmark Vesey)
• Life in the Plantation South
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5e.asp
  
• African Americans in the British New World AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/6.asp
  
• The Impact of Slavery
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12a.asp
  
• Revolutionary Changes and Limitations: Slavery
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1d.asp
  
• Mount Vernon and the Dilemma of a Revolutionary Slave Holder
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/5e.asp
  
• Gabriel's Rebellion: Another View of Virginia in 1800
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8f.asp
  
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• The Expansion of the Vote: A White Man's Democracy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11b.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The Peculiar Institution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4.asp
  
• Abolitionist Sentiment Grows AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/5.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  
• The Dred Scott Decision
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9a.asp
  
• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9b.asp
  
• The Emancipation Proclamation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11a.asp
  
• Reconstruction AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  

3. the different characteristics of white Southern society and how the physical environment influenced events and conditions prior to the Civil War
• The Growth of the Tobacco Trade
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/2d.asp
  
• The Southern Colonies AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/5.asp
  
• Growing up in Colonial Virginia
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/5a.asp
  
• Gabriel's Rebellion: Another View of Virginia in 1800
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8f.asp
  
• The Expansion of the Vote: A White Man's Democracy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11b.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The Peculiar Institution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4.asp
  
• From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  

4. the lives and opportunities of free-blacks in the North as compared with free-blacks in the South
• Free(?) African-Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4d.asp
  
• Abolitionist Sentiment Grows AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/5.asp
  
• The Glamour of American Cities
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3a.asp
  

8.8 Students analyze the divergent paths of the American people from 1800 to the mid-1800's and the challenges they faced, with emphasis on the West, in terms of:

1. the election of Andrew Jackson in 1828, the importance of Jacksonian democracy and his actions as president (e.g., spoils system, veto of National bank, policy of Indian removal, opposition to the Supreme Court)
• Jacksonian Democracy and Modern America
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11f.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Development of the Bureaucracy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/8a.asp
  

2. the purpose, challenges and economic incentives associated with westward expansion including the concept of Manifest Destiny (e.g., Lewis and Clark expedition, accounts of the removal of Indians and the Cherokees' "Trail of Tears," settlement of the Great Plains) and the territorial acquisitions that spanned numerous decades
• Revolutionary Limits: Native Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1f.asp
  
• U.S. Military Defeat; Indian Victory in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6d.asp
  
• Native American Resilience and Violence in the West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6e.asp
  
• Westward Expansion: The Louisiana Purchase
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/8c.asp
  
• The Expanding Republic and the War of 1812 AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9.asp
  
• Social Change and National Development
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10.asp
  
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The Trail of Tears -- The Indian Removals
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1f.asp
  
• Early American Railroads
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2b.asp
  
• Manifest Destiny AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8a.asp
  
• Binding the Nation by Rail
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/1a.asp
  
• Closing the Frontier AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/5.asp
  
• Western Folkways AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/6.asp
  

3. the role of pioneer women and the new status that western women achieved (e.g., biographies, journals, diaries and other original documents on Laura Ingalls Wilder, Annie Bidwell, slave women gaining freedom in the West, Wyoming granting suffrage to women in 1869)
• Women's Suffrage at Last
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7c.asp
  
• The Evolution of Women's Spheres
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/10.asp
  
• Willa Cather: The Special Language of Loneliness
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/10c.asp
  
• Truth or Dare: Taming the American West AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam12/3.asp
  

4. the role of the great rivers and the struggle over water rights

5. Mexican settlements (e.g., their locations, cultural traditions, attitudes toward slavery, land-grant system, the economies they established)

• Manifest Destiny AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6.asp
  

6. the Texas War for Independence and the Mexican-American War (e.g., territorial settlements, the aftermath of the wars and the effect on the lives of Americans, including Mexican-Americans today
• Manifest Destiny
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6.asp
  
• The Lone Star Republic
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6a.asp
  
• 'American Blood on American Soil'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6c.asp
  
• The Mexican-American War
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6d.asp
  
• Popular Sovereignty
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7b.asp
  
• The Compromise of 1850
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7d.asp
  

8.9 Students analyze the early and steady attempts to abolish slavery and realize the ideals of the Declaration of Independence, in terms of:

1. the leaders of the movement (e.g., biographies and other literature on John Quincy Adams and his proposed constitutional amendment, John Brown and the armed resistance, Harriet Tubman and the underground railroad, Benjamin Franklin, Theodore Weld, William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass
• City of Brotherly Love - Philadelphia
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/4c.asp
  
• The Ideas of Benjamin Franklin
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/4d.asp
  
• The Impact of Slavery
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush72/12a.asp
  
• Revolutionary Changes and Limitations: Slavery
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1d.asp
  
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• Religious Transformation and the Second Great Awakening
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10c.asp
  
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• John Quincy Adams
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11e.asp
  
• Free(?) African-Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4d.asp
  
• Rebellions on and off the Plantation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4e.asp
  
• Abolitionist Sentiment Grows AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/5.asp
  
• 'Bloody Kansas' AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8.asp
  
• The Pottawatomie Creek Massacre
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8d.asp
  
• From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9.asp
  
• The Dred Scott Decision
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9a.asp
  
• John Brown's Raid
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9c.asp
  
• Growing Pains
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3.asp
  
• Perspectives on Slavery and Abolition
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3b.asp
  
• Uncle Tom's Cabin
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3c.asp
  
• Writers for Women's Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/3d.asp
  
• Charles Chesnutt
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/9d.asp
  

2. how early state constitutions abolished slavery
• State Constitutions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2a.asp
  

3. the role of the Northwest Ordinance in education and in banning slavery in new states north of the Ohio River
• Evaluating the Congress
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/2c.asp
  
• Popular Sovereignty
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7b.asp
  

4. the slavery issue as raised by the annexation of Texas and the effect of California coming into the union as a free state as part of the Compromise of 1850
• Manifest Destiny
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6.asp
  
• The Lone Star Republic
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6a.asp
  
• 'American Blood on American Soil'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6c.asp
  
• Gold in California
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/6e.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  

5. the significance of the States' Rights Doctrine, Missouri Compromise (1820), Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's role in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858)
• The Missouri Compromise
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11c.asp
  
• The South Carolina Nullification Controversy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1c.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  
• 'Bloody Kansas'
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8.asp
  
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8a.asp
  
• The Dred Scott Decision
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9a.asp
  
• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9b.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  

6. the lives of free blacks and the laws that curbed their freedom and economic opportunity
• Free(?) African-Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4d.asp
  
• African-American Abolitionists
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/5b.asp
  
• The Emancipation Proclamation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11a.asp
  
• Reconstruction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  
• Booker T. Washington
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7d.asp
  
• W. E. B. DuBois
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7e.asp
  

8.10 Students analyze the multiple causes, key events and complex consequences of the Civil War, in terms of:

1. the conflicting interpretations of state and federal authority as emphasized in the speeches and writings of statesman such as Daniel Webster and John C. Calhoun
• The South Carolina Nullification Controversy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1c.asp
  
• Jackson vs. Clay and Calhoun
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1e.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  
• Popular Sovereignty
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7b.asp
  
• Three Senatorial Giants: Clay, Calhoun and Webster
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7c.asp
  
• The Compromise of 1850
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7d.asp
  
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8a.asp
  
• From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  

2. the boundaries constituting " the North" and "the South," the geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between agrarians and industrialists
• The Rise of American Industry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2.asp
  
• The Peculiar Institution AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4.asp
  
• Abolitionist Sentiment Grows AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/5.asp
  
• The Compromise of 1850
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7d.asp
  
• The Kansas-Nebraska Act
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8a.asp
  
• Canefight! Preston Brooks and Charles Sumner
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/8e.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• A House Divided
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10.asp
  
• Strengths and Weaknesses: North vs. South
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10b.asp
  
• The War Behind the Lines
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11.asp
  
• The Northern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11c.asp
  
• The Southern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11d.asp
  

3. the constitutional issues posed by the doctrine of nullification and secession and the earliest origins of that doctrine
• Federalists
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/4a.asp
  
• The Alien and Sedition Acts
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/7e.asp
  
• The Second War for American Independence
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9e.asp
  
• The South Carolina Nullification Controversy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1c.asp
  
• An Uneasy Peace AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/7.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• A House Divided
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10.asp
  
• Sacred Beliefs
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10d.asp
  
• Federalism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3.asp
  
• Tipping the Scales Toward National Power
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/3b.asp
  

4. Abraham Lincoln's presidency and his significant writings and speeches and their relationship to the Declaration of Independence such as his "House Divided" speech (1858), the Gettysburg Address (1863), the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), his inaugural addresses (1861 and 1865)
• The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9b.asp
  
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• The South Secedes
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9e.asp
  
• A House Divided
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10.asp
  
• Gettysburg: High Watermark of the Confederacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10g.asp
  
• The Emancipation Proclamation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11a.asp
  
• The Election of 1864
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11e.asp
  

5. the views and lives of leaders and soldiers on both sides of the war, including black soldiers and regiments (e.g., biographies of Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee)
• A House Divided AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10.asp
  

6. critical developments in the war, including the major battles, geographical advantages and obstacles, technological advances, and Lee's surrender at Appomattox
• A House Divided AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10.asp
  
• The War Behind the Lines
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11.asp
  
• The Emancipation Proclamation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11a.asp
  
• Wartime Diplomacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11b.asp
  
• The Northern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11c.asp
  
• The Southern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11d.asp
  

7. how the war affected combatants, with the largest death toll of any war in American history, and the physical devastation, the effect on civilians, and the effect on future warfare
• The Election of 1860
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/9d.asp
  
• Strengths and Weaknesses: North vs. South
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10b.asp
  
• First Blood and Its Aftermath
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10c.asp
  
• Sacred Beliefs
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10d.asp
  
• Bloody Antietam
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10e.asp
  
• Of Generals and Soldiers
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10f.asp
  
• Gettysburg: High Watermark of the Confederacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10g.asp
  
• Northern Plans to End the War
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10h.asp
  
• The Road to Appomattox
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/10i.asp
  
• The Northern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11c.asp
  
• The Southern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11d.asp
  

8.11 Students analyze the character and lasting consequences of Reconstruction, in terms of:

1. the original aims of Reconstruction and the effects on the political and social structure of different regions
• Reconstruction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  
• Presidential Reconstruction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12a.asp
  

2. the push-pull factors in the movement of former slaves to the cities in the North and to the West, and their differing experiences in those regions (e.g., the experiences of Buffalo Soldiers)
• The Glamour of American Cities
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3a.asp
  

3. the effects of the Freedman's Bureau and the restrictions on the rights and opportunities of freedman, including racial segregation and "Jim Crow" laws
• Reconstruction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  
• Rebuilding the Old Order
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12d.asp
  
• Booker T. Washington
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7d.asp
  
• W. E. B. DuBois
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7e.asp
  
• Intolerance
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/12c.asp
  
• Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10a.asp
  

4. the rise and effects of the Ku Klux Klan
• Reconstruction
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  
• Rebuilding the Old Order
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12d.asp
  
• Booker T. Washington
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7d.asp
  
• W. E. B. DuBois
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7e.asp
  
• Old Values vs. New Values
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/12.asp
  
• Intolerance
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/12c.asp
  
• A New Civil Rights Movement
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush12/7.asp
  
• Gains and Pains
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush12/7e.asp
  
• Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush12/7h.asp
  
• Booker T. Washington
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/9e.asp
  

5. the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the Constitution, and their connection to Reconstruction
• Reconstruction AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/12.asp
  
• Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10.asp
  
• Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/gov91/10a.asp
  

8.12 Students analyze the transformation of the American economy and the changing social and political conditions in the United States in response to the Industrial Revolution, in terms of:

1. patterns of agricultural and industrial development as they relate to climate, natural resource use, markets, and trade, including their location on a map
• Social Change and National Development
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10.asp
  
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• Cotton and African-American Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10b.asp
  
• The Rise of American Industry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2.asp
  
• The Crowning of King Cotton
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/4a.asp
  
• The Northern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11c.asp
  
• The Southern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11d.asp
  
• Life on the Farm
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/6c.asp
  

2. the reasons for the development of federal Indian policy and the Plains wars with American Indians and their relationship to agricultural development and industrialization
• Revolutionary Limits: Native Americans
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1f.asp
  
• Native American Resistance in the Trans-Appalachian West
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/9d.asp
  
• Jacksonian Democracy and Modern America
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/11f.asp
  
• The Age of Jackson
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1.asp
  
• The Trail of Tears -- The Indian Removals
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1f.asp
  
• Closing the Frontier AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/5.asp
  

3. how states and the federal government encouraged business expansion through tariffs, banking, land grants, and subsidies
• Hamilton's Financial Plan
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/6b.asp
  
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• The South Carolina Nullification Controversy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1c.asp
  
• The Trail of Tears -- The Indian Removals
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/1f.asp
  
• When Does the Revolution End?
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1.asp
  
• The Declaration of Independence and Its Legacy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/1a.asp
  

4. entrepreneurs, industrialists, and bankers in politics, commerce, and industry (e.g., Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, Leland Stanford)
• The Northern Homefront
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/11c.asp
  
• The Gilded Age AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/1.asp
  

5. the location and effects of urbanization, renewed immigration, and industrialization (e.g., effects on social fabric of cities, wealth and economic opportunity, and the conservation movement)
• The Rise of American Industry AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2.asp
  
• An Explosion of New Thought AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/3.asp
  
• The Gilded Age AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/1.asp
  
• Organized Labor AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/2.asp
  
• From the Countryside to the City
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3.asp
  
• The Glamour of American Cities
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3a.asp
  
• The Underside of Urban Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3b.asp
  
• The Rush of Immigrants
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3c.asp
  
• Progressivism Sweeps the Nation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7.asp
  
• Roots of the Movement
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7a.asp
  
• Muckrakers
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7b.asp
  
• Preserving the Wilderness
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/8d.asp
  

6. child labor, working conditions, laissez-faire policies toward big business and the leaders of (e.g., Samuel Gompers) and the rise of the labor movement, including collective bargaining, strikes, and protests over labor conditions
• The Gilded Age AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/1.asp
  
• Organized Labor AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/2.asp
  
• From the Countryside to the City
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3.asp
  
• The Glamour of American Cities
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3a.asp
  
• The Underside of Urban Life
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3b.asp
  
• The Rush of Immigrants
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3c.asp
  
• Progressivism Sweeps the Nation
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7.asp
  
• Roots of the Movement
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7a.asp
  
• Muckrakers
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/7b.asp
  
• Progressives in the White House
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/8.asp
  
• The Election of 1912
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/8f.asp
  
• Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/8g.asp
  

7. the new sources of large-scale immigration and the contribution of immigrants to the building of cities and the economy; the ways in which new social and economic patterns encouraged assimilation of newcomers into the mainstream amidst growing cultural diversity; and the new wave of nativism
• The First American Factories
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2d.asp
  
• Irish and German Immigration
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2f.asp
  
• From the Countryside to the City AND ALL FOCUS TOPICS
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3.asp
  
• The Invention of the Teenager
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/11c.asp
  

8. the characteristics and impact of Grangerism and Populism
• Life on the Farm
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/6c.asp
  
• The Growth of Populism
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/6d.asp
  
• The Election of 1896
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/6e.asp
  

9. the significant inventors and their inventions (e.g., biographies of Thomas Edison, Alexander Graham Bell, Orville and Wilbur Wright) and the incentive that prompted the quality of life (e.g., inventions in transportation, communication, agriculture, industry, education, medicine)
• Economic Growth and the Early Industrial Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush81/10a.asp
  
• Inventors and Inventions
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2c.asp
  
• The First American Factories
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush82/2d.asp
  
• The Glamour of American Cities
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3a.asp
  
• The Rush of Immigrants
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/3c.asp
  
• The Print Revolution
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/4e.asp
  
• The Age of the Automobile
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/11a.asp
  
• A Consumer Economy
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/ush11/11f.asp
  
• Paul Laurence Dunbar and the Dilemma of Race
  http://www.beyondbooks.com/lam11/9b.asp