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 Ancient Egyptian goddesses  Bust of Cleopatra  How did the real Cleopatra appear? (photo courtesy of David Claudon) | |||||
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RATINGS: Sites are rated from 1 owl (good) to a high of 5 owls. Read more- Women and Gender in Ancient Egypt
Artifacts spanning 4,000 years tell the story of women in ancient Egypt at the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology. Both the hieroglyphics of the upper classes and excavated sites of the lower classes offer clues about the roles of women. Gender issues influenced facets of Egyptian life from religion to fertility and mortality.
- Hatshepsut: The Queen Who Would Be King
Hatshepsut, born in the 15th century B.C.E., was the first woman to rule Egypt. In order to rule successfully and gain the support of the public, she had to take on many "kingly" characteristics, For example, in all surviving depictions of Hatshepsut, she is shown wearing traditional male garb, including a false beard. Her tactics worked, and she ruled Egypt for 20 years. Read more about Hatshepsut, her accomplishments, and her legacy on this extensive and attractive website by a devoted enthusiast.
- Menkaure and His Queen
On January 18, 1910, a statue of a pharaoh standing next to a woman was unearthed. It was determined that the pharaoh in the statue was Menkaure, but questions about the identity of the woman he's standing with still remain. Was she a dutiful, submissive wife, or a powerful leader? This thorough website, presented by an art history professor, offers some interesting insight into the mystery surrounding the statue.
- History of Alexandria: Cleopatra
Cleopatra was effectively the last pharaoh of Egypt, reigning from 51 B.C.E. until her apparent suicide in 30 B.C.E. when the future emperor Octavian annexed Egypt as a Roman province. Read about her relationships with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony, her adventures in Rome, and recent discoveries of artifacts related to Cleopatra and her reign.
- Women in Egypt: Egyptian Queens and Pharoahs
Women ruled in a style all their own, demonstrated through these online essays from the art history department at Sweet Briar College. Fabulous images of Egyptian sculpture supplement readings in which it is shown that matriarchal lines can be traced from the Fourth Dynasty in 2470 B.C.E. through the reign of Cleopatra, 2,440 years later.
Women in Egypt: Matrilinity in New Kingdom Egypt Some historians argue that the Egyptian royal line was matrilineal rather than patrilineal. Things sometimes got a little complicated under this system, as this essay explains.
- The Egyptian Economy and Nonroyal Women: Their Status in Public Life
Egyptian women were able to own land, had job opportunities, and were given great respect by the men surrounding them. So even ordinary women had some ability to affect ancient Egyptian society, according to a Brown University professor. Although his online lecture is detailed and lengthy, the reading is not difficult, and he presents a great amount of valuable and interesting information.
Women of Ancient Egypt
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